Review Of The State Of The Art On The Use Of Sand And Sea Water In Concrete Construction

Abstract

The consumption of huge amounts of river sand and fresh water in the production of concrete has become one of the world's main environmental concerns. Water resources have been declining rapidly, surface and groundwater basins are depleted, and contradictorily, their use is increasingly needed in multiple sectors of society, such as supplying the population, industry, agriculture and construction. Something similar occurs with aggregates, in addition to the environmental impact that their extraction causes, the quarries are running out, increasingly further away from the concrete production centers. Since the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st, with the use of fiber-reinforced polymer bars and meshes as concrete reinforcement, research has been carried out worldwide aimed at evaluating the feasibility of using water and sea sand in the concrete production as a viable alternative solution to these problems. The present work synthesizes in a practical way the main results of the existing studies on the effects of the use of sea sand and/or seawater as concrete raw materials on the properties of the resulting concrete, including workability, short-term and long-term resistance. and durability.