Construction and demolition waste: a problem or an opportunity?

Abstract

The generation of construction and demolition waste as a result of anthropogenic activity and technological and consumption patterns is a problem that has yet to be solved in all countries. This paper provides an overview of the generation, characterization and uses of construction and demolition waste (CDW). It also addresses the trend in the implementation of circular economy criteria to extend the life cycle of these materials. Despite being a problem present in every country, official statistics overlap CDW in different categories, which makes it difficult to analyze in greater depth. The case studies in different localities allow for a closer look at this problem. The use of CDW as an aggregates or supplementary cementing material for the creation of new construction materials is confirmed, with its advantages and disadvantages. As a result of the work, it can be highlighted that in order to maintain the value of each raw material used and to recover these resources from the CDW, with circular criteria, the legislation of each country is one of the major driving forces, being the distinctive feature in the management of these wastes worldwide. Life cycle analysis, carbon footprint and cleaner production are the most widely used tools to assess the environmental impact.